For example, a wheel order of "UKW-A II I III" indicates the settings of rotor 1 "III", rotor 2 "I", rotor 3 "II", and the reflector "UKW-A". Since the input is from the right side of the Enigma machine, the rotors are counted from the right rotor as 1, 2, 3, and so on, but when describing the wheel order settings, they are generally written in order from left to right. Set the type of reflector and rotor, and the order of the rotors. Setting items in DenCode Wheel order (Walzenlage) Therefore, inputting the encrypted "L" in the above example will yield the original "S". The Enigma machine has a feature that if you encrypt an encrypted text again with the same settings, you will get the plain text before encryption. (Since the rotor is rotating, the above "transcribed characters" and "characters as positions on the ring" are different.) The rotational position of the rotor and the input (+) / output (-) positions are represented by the letters on the ring as shown below. In this case, the first letter "S" will be converted into the following sequence, and finally encrypted into "L". These settings are the key to encryption by the Enigma machine.Īn example of encryption with Enigma I is shown below. For Enigma machines that have plugboards, the plugboard can also be set. The entry wheel is fixed and cannot be changed. Reflectors are also interchangeable among several types of reflectors with different wiring, and some Enigma machines can be set to an initial position. For example, if there are three types of rotors, "I", "II", and "III", they can be set in the Enigma machine in the order "II", "I", and "III", and the initial position of each rotor can be set between "A (01)" and "Z (26)". Rotors can be set in order and initial position of rotation. For example, in the case of the "I" rotor of the Enigma I, if the ring setting is "A (01)", the "A" will be converted to an "E", but if the ring setting is "B (02)", the "A" will be converted to a "K" as the original Z-J wiring because the internal wiring is shifted by one. The ring can be set to 26 different offsets between the letter on its periphery and the wiring inside the rotor. The rotor has a ring, with the letters "A" through "Z" (or "01" through "26") engraved on the outer circumference of the ring.
This rotation of the rotor changes the wiring for encryption for each character, so even if you enter the same character, it will be converted to a different character from the previous one. The rotation of the rotor starts with the rotor on the right side, and when it reaches the notch on the rotor, the rotor on the left side also rotates by one step. When you enter a character from the keyboard, the rotor rotates one step. The characters of the input and output terminals that are not wired with cables will not be converted. For example, if you connect "A" and "M" with a cable, "A" will be converted to "M" and "M" to "A". The plugboard has input and output terminals for 26 alphabets, from "A" to "Z." By connecting any two alphabets with a cable, the two characters can be converted.
In some Enigma machines, there is a plugboard at the front of the ETW. The plugboard is a mechanism that allows the transliteration to be wired by the user. For example, the rotor "I" of Enigma I is wired as follows: the letter "A" is converted to "E", and the letter "J" coming back from the reflector is converted to "Z" by following the reverse wiring. For example, the rotor "I" of Enigma I is wired as shown below, and the letter "A" is converted to "E". The entry wheels, rotors, and reflectors are wired internally to convert the 26 letters from "A" to "Z" into other letters, and the conversion is done when the wires are energized.
Lettering is performed at all locations, including the rotor. The encrypted result is displayed on the lamp board (Lampenfeld). Characters entered from the keyboard (Tastatur) pass through a plugboard (Steckerbrett), an entry wheel (ETW, Eintrittswalze), three or four rotors (Walze), a reflector (UKW, Umkehrwalze), and then the reverse. The Enigma machine consists of the following components. Spanish Enigma, Sonderschaltung / Delta (A 16101).It supports encryption of 26 characters from "A" to "Z".Ĭharacter substitution is done using the Enigma cipher machine, and DenCode supports the following Enigma machine simulations The Enigma cipher is a type of commutative cipher that encrypts letters by replacing them with other letters.
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